Analysis of Competency GAPs among Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) Students in Relation to Industry Needs and Their Implications for Learning Technology Design
- Publication History
- Published online: June 7, 2026
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.eduline4800
- Copyright
- Copyright (c) 2026 Ashabul Taufik, Kamal, Nur Alamsyah
- User License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the competency GAP of Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) students in relation to industry demands and to formulate its implications for instructional technology design. This study employs a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design involving 31 twelfth-grade TKJ students who have completed their industrial internship (Praktik Kerja Lapangan/PKL). Quantitative data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and GAP analysis, while qualitative data were obtained from open-ended responses and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that TKJ learning has provided a strong foundation of basic competencies, particularly in preparing students for industrial internships and initial job readiness. However, competency GAPs remain in the integration of up-to-date industrial technologies and the depth of troubleshooting practices aligned with industry standards. The GAP analysis reveals that the highest GAPs occur in the discussion of current technologies (1.48) and troubleshooting skills based on industry standards (1.45). The findings of this study indicate that integrating quantitative GAP analysis with qualitative reflections from internship experiences provides a comprehensive empirical basis for developing adaptive, practice-based, and industry-aligned instructional technology design.
Keywords
References (34)
- Andriani, R., Sulaiman, A., & Hartono, D. (2022). Evaluasi kompetensi teknis siswa SMK bidang jaringan komputer. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi, 15(2), 89–101.
- Asian Development Bank. (2021). Reimagining technical and vocational education and training in Asia. https://www.adb.org
- Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Keadaan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia 2023. https://www.bps.go.id
- Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Keadaan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia 2024. https://www.bps.go.id
- Bappenas. (2023). Strategi penguatan pendidikan vokasi dalam mendukung transformasi ekonomi digital. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.
- CEDEFOP. (2020). Vocational education and training in Europe: Developments and challenges. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training.
- Direktorat SMK. (2021). Panduan implementasi link and match SMK dengan dunia usaha dan dunia industri. Kemendikbud.
- Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Herlina, D., & Subekti, R. (2020). Pembelajaran berbasis proyek pada pendidikan kejuruan teknologi informasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Kejuruan, 10(1), 45–56.
- Hidayat, R., Mulyadi, D., & Santoso, B. (2022). Kesenjangan kompetensi lulusan SMK terhadap kebutuhan industri teknologi informasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Indonesia, 12(2), 145–158.
- International Labour Organization. (2022). Global employment trends for youth 2022. https://www.ilo.org
- Ilyas, M., & Suryani, T. (2022). Penggunaan purposive sampling dalam penelitian pendidikan vokasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasional Indonesia, 10(1), 33–42.
- Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. (2022). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(29), 396–403.
- Kemendikbudristek. (2022). Revitalisasi SMK dalam mendukung SDM unggul Indonesia. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi.
- Kementerian Perindustrian. (2022). Peta jalan pengembangan SDM industri 4.0. Kemenperin.
- Lestari, N., & Pratama, Y. (2022). Peran praktik kerja lapangan dalam meningkatkan kesiapan kerja siswa SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, 19(1), 67–78.
- Mahendra, I., & Putri, S. (2023). Pengaruh simulasi jaringan terhadap kemampuan problem solving siswa TKJ. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Digital, 4(1), 33–44.
- Mulder, M. (2020). Competence development in vocational education and training. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 72(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2019.1578814
- Nugraha, A., & Setiawan, B. (2021). Refleksi pengalaman praktik kerja lapangan dalam meningkatkan kesiapan kerja siswa SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik, 12(3), 201–210.
- OECD. (2021). Reimagining vocational education and training for the future. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/a0c9f9c7-en
- Prasetyo, E., & Kusumawardani, R. (2023). Analisis kebutuhan kompetensi industri jaringan komputer terhadap lulusan SMK. Jurnal Teknologi dan Kejuruan, 16(2), 145–158.
- Putra, A. P. (2022). Efektivitas Google Form dalam pengumpulan data penelitian pendidikan. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan, 6(3), 245–254.
- Rahmawati, D., & Nugroho, A. (2023). Integrasi teknologi industri dalam pembelajaran vokasi bidang teknologi informasi. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kejuruan, 5(3), 210–223.
- Sari, D. K., & Mulyani, S. (2023). Analisis tematik sebagai teknik pengolahan data kualitatif dalam penelitian pendidikan. Jurnal Edukasi Nusantara, 9(2), 201–212.
- Sari, M., & Hidayanto, F. (2021). Mismatch kompetensi lulusan SMK dengan kebutuhan pasar kerja. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pendidikan, 18(2), 112–124.
- Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
- Sujarweni, V. W. (2014). Metodologi penelitian lengkap, praktis, dan mudah dipahami. Pustaka Baru Press.
- Sullivan, G. M., & Artino, A. R. (2023). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 15(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-22-01025.1
- Suryani, E., Kurniawan, F., & Wulandari, T. (2021). Implementasi project-based learning pada pendidikan vokasi berbasis teknologi digital. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasi, 8(2), 95–107.
- Tarigan, J., & Sinaga, L. (2021). Penggunaan analisis GAP dalam evaluasi mutu pendidikan kejuruan. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 9(1), 55–66.
- UNESCO-UNEVOC. (2021). Trends mapping: Innovation in technical and vocational education and training. UNESCO.
- Winata, M., & Handayani, N. (2022). Penggunaan skala Likert dalam penelitian bidang pendidikan kejuruan. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Teknik, 4(2), 98–110.
- World Economic Forum. (2023). The future of jobs report 2023. https://www.weforum.org
- Yuliana, R., & Firmansyah, M. (2022). Peran refleksi PKL dalam peningkatan kesiapan kerja siswa SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Industri, 5(2), 78–89.
How to Cite
Copyright & license
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
