The Dynamics of Divorce in Indonesian Muslim Families

Abstract
The development of divorce cases from year to year is very dynamic. Divorce occurs not only because of problems in the family but also because divorce is attached to the husband and wife, who are left behind due to death. Likewise, the judge's decision can affect the determination of divorce status. If the judge is unwilling or does not decide on the divorce, the marriage is not declared divorced. Therefore, divorce is defined as the breakup of the marital relationship with the judge's decision or the request of one of the parties. This article aims to find out the dynamics of divorce development in Indonesia. This research is library-based qualitative with a descriptive, critical, analytical approach and an interdisciplinary perspective, combining philosophical, psychological, sociological, juridical, and comparative methods. The results show that divorce and marriage exist in the world. In the jewish religion, divorce is permitted. In the catholic faith, divorce is prohibited, while in protestantism, it is allowed on the grounds of adultery. In islam, the majority of islamic jurists allow it and some islamic jurists ban divorce. Meanwhile, in indonesia, divorce is permitted by a court decision. Some regions with the most divorce cases are West Java, East Java, Central Java, North Sumatra, DKI Jakarta, Banten, South Sulawesi, And Riau. The factors that cause divorce are spouse conflicts, economy, leaving one party, domestic violence, drunkenness, gambling, neglect, one of them being imprisoned, adultery, polygamy, forced marriage, and disputes that lead to divorce. Efforts to prevent divorce include premarital education, family money management training, strengthening the basis of personality, family mediation, and rehabilitative assistance for divorced couples.
References
Abd al-Rahman al-Jaziri. (n.d.). Al-Fiqh alā Madzāhib al-Arba’ah. Dār al-Rayyān.
Abū ‘Isā Muhammad bin ‘Isā bin Sūrah At-Tirmiżi. (2010). Sunan at-Tirmiżi. Dar al-Hadist.
Abu Bakar bin Mas’ud al-Kasani. (2010). al-Bad’u al-Shana’i. Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Abū Dāwud Sulaiman ibn al-Asy’as as-Sajastāni al-Azdi. (1999). Sunan Abi Dāwud. Dar al-Hadis.
Abū Muhammad Maufiq al-Din Abdullah Bin Ahmad al-Maqdisi. (1990). al-Mugni li Ibn al-Qudāmah. Dār al-Hadith.
Afianto, A. B. (2013). Status Perkawinan Ketika Suami Atau Isteri Murtad dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Jurnal Humanity, 9(1), 121–140.
Ahmad al-Ghundur. (n.d.). Al-Thalaq Fi al-Syariat Islamiyyah wa al-Qanun. Dar al-Ma’arif.
Al-Ghazali, A. (2000). al-Thalaq al-Infiradi wa Tadabir al-Had min fiqh al-Islami wa syura’ al-Yahudiyah wa al-Masehiyyah wa al-Wad’iyyah wa taqninat al-Muashirah. Dar al-Nahdhah al-Arabiyah.
Al-Minhāj, S. al-D. M. bin A. A.-A. A. bin H. S. al-D. R. N. al-M. ila S. (1984). Nihayah al-Muhtāz ila Syarh al-Minhāj. Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Qazwaini, A. A. M. bin Y. (2010). Sunan Ibn Majah. Dar al-Hadist.
Al-Suyuti, J. al-D. A. al-R. (2012). al-Asbah wa al-Nadza’ir (2 ed.). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Alex Kusmardani, Ahmad Fathonih, Usep Saepullah, N. (2024). Nushūz In Islamic Family Law : A Critical Study of Hadith Exegesis and Religious Court Verdicts. Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 2, 1–31.
Alex Kusmardani, Siah Khosyi’ah, Oyo Sunaryo Mukhlas, Nurrohman, U. S. (2023). The Development of Ideas on The Reform and Transformation of Islamic Family Law Into Legislation in Islamic Countries. JSIM :Jurnal Imu Sosial dan Pendidikan Syntax Imperatif, 4(5), 664–662.
Alex Kusmardani, S. K. (2022). Putusan Hakim Dalam Penyelsaian Sengketa Hak Asuh Anak Kepada Ayah. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 3 No. 7 Ju, 881–895.
Amin, Q. (2000). The Liberation of Women And The New Woman: Two Documents in The History of Egyptian Feminism. The American University in Cairo Press.
Arifin, L. S. (2020). Transformasi Sosial dan Perceraian. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Asrul Hamid, Titi Martini Harahap, Resi Atna Sari Siregar, Syaipuddin Ritonga, A. (2022). Sciological Analysis of The Concept of Divorce in Marriege Law in Indonesia. Journal of Religious Social and Cultural, 01(1), 42–51.
Awaru, A. O. T. (2021). Family Sociology. In Media Sains Indonesia (Vol. 1, Nomor 69).
Cindy Mutia Annur. (2024). Divorce cases in Indonesia fell in 2023, the first since the pandemic.
Djawas, M., Ridhwan, Devy, S., & Husna, A. (2021). The Government’s Role In Decreasing Divorce Rates In Indonesia: The Case Of Aceh And South Sulawesi. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 21(1), 163–188.
Esti, V., Waileruny, S., & Karo, R. P. P. K. (2021). Efforts to Prevent Divorce During the Covid-19 Pandemic Perspective of the Theory of Dignified Justice. Jurnal Kajian Lemhannas RI, 9(1), 136–150.
Fathiah, I. (2023). Itsbat Nikah Poligami Perspektif Undang-Undang. Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 1(1), 14–38.
George Peter Murdock. (1965). Social Structure. The United States of America.
Grace Tianna Solovida. (2023). Family Financial Management Training: Bright Bright Scholarship-YBM Pre Marital School. Fokus Abdimas Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(2), 123–129.
Gunawan, N. A., & Nurwati, N. (2019). “Society’s Perception of Divorce.” Share : Social Work Journal, 9(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v9i1.19863
Hanifah, E., Kusmardani, A., Saepulloh, U., Darnius, S., Arfan, F., Ana, W., Utama, P., Hakim, L., Yulia, R., Nurman, S., Surya, E., Yatno, R., Perdana, R. P., Purnomo, E., Supriatna, E., & Sastaman, P. (2022). Analysis of the Education Value of the Samawa Family at the Reception Before the Marriage Ceremony: Tradition Versus Islamic Sharia Values in the Community Lio Cibarusah Bekasi. Journal of Scientific Information and Educational CreativitY, 23(September), 185–195.
Hidayati, H., Herza, H., & Sulaiman, A. (2024). Review of Sociological and Judicial Aspects of Divorce in the Era of a Spectacle Society". Journal of Political Issues, 5(2), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.33019/jpi.v5i2.154
Hurlock, E. B. (1980). Developmental Psychology A Life Span Approach. Mc Graw Hill.
Imam Malik Bin Anas. (2012). Al-Muwatha’. Dar al-Hadith.
Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. (2024). Statistik Indonesia Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2024 (Vol. 52). BPS Satatistik Indonesia.
Iqbal, M. (2020). Psikologi Pernikahan: Menyelami Rahasia Pernikahan. Gema Insani.
Judah Abd al-Ghani Basuni. (2013). Dirasat Fi Ahwal al-Syakhsiyyah Mualliqan Alayha Bi Qanun al-Ahwal al-Syaksyiyah Jadid. Dar Thaba’ah Muhammadiyyah.
Kamila, M. Z. (2022). Dinamika Politik dalam Penyusunan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam, 3(2), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v3i2.13542
Kartika, R. A., Dewi, P., Dewi, N. P., & Rizqayanti, D. (2023). Divorce Based on the Perspective of Functional Structural Theory and Conflict Theory of Modern Sociology. Aisa Kartika Puspita Dewi) Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(5), 310–321.
Kusmardani, A., Athoilah, M., & Sar’an, M. (2022). Tafsir Ayat Ahkam dalam Perspektif Dilalah Manthuq dan Mafhum. Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 3(2), 169–189.
Kusmardani, A., Saepulloh, U., Nurrohman, N., Tsamratul Fuadah, A., & Syafi’i, A. (2022). Philosophy of Marriage as a Means of Family Building and Social Transformation. Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 2(4), 517–528. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku1102
Kusmardani, A., Syafe’i, A., Saifulah, U., & Syarif, N. (2022). Faktor-faktor Penyebab Perceraian Dalam Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Antar Madzhab Islam Dan Realita Sosial. JURNAL SYNTAX IMPERATIF : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan, 3(3), 176. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-imperatif.v3i3.168
Latifah, L., & Ritonga, I. (2022). Difference of Divorce Determination in Indonesia: a Study Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan, 11(2), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v11i02.2022.223-235
Maḥmud Syaltut, M. A. S. (1986). Muqaranah al-Madzahib Fi al-Fiqh. Dar al-Ma’arif.
Manna, N. S., Doriza, S., & Oktaviani, M. (2021). Cerai Gugat: Telaah Penyebab Perceraian Pada Keluarga di Indonesia. JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.36722/sh.v6i1.443
Mark Cammack. (2007). Islamic Law in Contemporary Indonesia Ideal And Institution. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
Mendara Siswanto. (2021). Fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulama Council on Family Law from 1975 to 2012 in the context of Maqashid Al-Syariah. Hukum Islam, 21(2), 236–255.
Muhammad bin Ismā’il al-Kahlāni As-Ṣan’āni. (2007). Subūl as-Salām Sarh Bulug al-Maram Min Jami’ adillah al-Ahkām. Dar Al-Hadith.
Mustafa al-Syaka’ah. (1996). Al-Islām Bilā Madzāhib (X). Dar al-Misriyyah al-Bananiyyah.
Ningrum, P. R. (2013). Parental Divorce and Adolescent Adjustment Study of High School/Vocational School Adolescents in Samarinda City. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v1i1.3278
Nira Sulistiawati, W. A. (2024). Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Family Law in Indonesia and Pakistan. Al-Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Peradilan Islam, 2(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v2i2.14327
Nor Salam. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Islam Interdisipliner Elaborasi Filsafat Ilmu dan Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman. Lietrasi Nusantara.
Nurfajriyani, I. M. (2022). Studi Kepustakaan: Manajmen Rumah Tangga Menurut Perspektif Islam. Al-Qadiri Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 20 Nomor 2, 5–24.
Nurhalisa, R. (2021). Literature Review: Determinants and Systematic Prevention Measures of Divorce. Jurnal Media Gizi Kesmas, 10(1), 157–164.
Nurmila, N. (2016). Polygamous marriages in indonesia and their impacts on women’s access to income and property. Al-Jami’ah, 54(2), 427–446. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2016.542.427-446
Opik Rozikin, Oyo Sunaryo Mukhlas, S. K. (2024). Perkembangan Hukum Keluarga Islam Tentang Pembatalan Perkawinan. Yustisi Jurnal Hukum & Hukum Islam, 11(2), 383–398.
Parker, L., & Creese, H. (2016). The Stigmatitasion of Widows and Divorcees Janda In Indonesian Society. Indonesia And The Malay World, 9811. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2015.1111647
Raffo, A. (2019). al-Thalaq wa asbabuhu Fi Madinah Bagdad Dirasah Ijtima’iyyah Tahliliyah. Majalah al-Inasah Wa Ulum al-Mujtama’, 36–64.
Raharjo, I. T., Puspitawati, H., & Pranaji, D. K. (2015). Economic Stress, Financial Management, and Well-Being in Young Families. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 8(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2015.8.1.38
Ramdani Wahyu Sururie. (2017). Darurat Perceraian Dalam Keluarga Muslim Indonesia. Pusat Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Islam Negri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.
Ruum, U. D. R., & Chasanah, R. N. (2023). Analysis of Divorce Rates in Surabaya City 2018-2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 13(2), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.v13i2.885
Sa’adah, M. (2022). Pergeseran Penyebab Perceraian Dalam Masyarakat Urban. Academia Publication.
Saepullah, U. (2019). Inter-Religious Marriage in Islamic and Indonesian Law Perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 7(1), 43–58. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v7i1.317
Saiti, B., & Abdullah, A. (2016). The legal maxims of Islamic law (excluding five leading legal maxims) and their applications in Islamic finance. Journal of King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics, 29(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.4197/Islec.29-2.12
Septiayu Restu Wulandari, Sifa Mulya Nurani, R. P. (2022). Paradigma Keluarga Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah dan Relasinya Dengan Tingkat Perceraian Serta Pertumbuhan Penduduk di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Pelita, 3 Nomor 1, 16–31.
Sholeh, M. (2021). Rising Divorce Rates in Indonesia: Causes of Khulu’ and Its Consequences. Qonuni: Jurnal Hukum dan Pengkajian Islam, 1(01), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.59833/qonuni.v1i01.182
Shufi Hasan Abi Thalib. (n.d.). Tarikh al-Nudzum al-Qanuniyah wa al-Ijtima’iyyah. Dar al-Nahdhah al-Arabiyah.
Siregar, D., Sitepu, K., Darma, M., Na’im, K., Tarigan, M. T. U., Razali, R., & Harahap, F. S. (2023). Legal Study of Divorce Rates And Its Impact On Childern. Jurnal Derma Pengabdian Dosen Perguruan Tinggi (Jurnal DEPUTI), 3(2), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.54123/deputi.v3i2.276
Sundari, P. (2023). Psikologi Keluarga Dalam Konteks Orang Tua Tunggal (Single Parent). Khazanah Multidisiplin, 4(1), 109–128.
Suntana, I. (2020). From Internalization to Formalization; Islamic Law Development in Indonesia. Islamic Quarterly, 64(1), 115–126.
Sururie, R. W., Athoillah, M., & Ulhaq, M. I. Z. (2023). Strategies to Prevent Increasing Divorce Rates for Muslim Families in Indonesia. Samarah, 7(2), 734–759. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.14819
Suryani, E. (2015). Divorce Rates for Muslims and Non-Muslims in Indonesia. Mizan: Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 153–200. https://doi.org/10.32507/mizan.v3i2.162
Triana Aprianita. (2023). Tinjauan Kaidah-Kaidah Fiqhiyah Terhadap Adat Merariq (Kawin Culik) Pada Tradisi Perkawinan Adat Suku Sasak. Al-Maqashidi: Jurnal Hukum Islam Nusantara, 06 Nomor 0, 014–114.
Wiratri, A. (2018). Revisiting the Concept of Family in Indonesian Society. 13(1), 15–26.
Copyright (c) 2024 Alex Kusmardani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.