Beyond the Gap: Understanding Gender Disparities in Indonesia’s National Science Olympiad Achievements
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.daengku2934Keywords:
Disparities Gender; National Science Olympiad; Stereotypes; STEMAbstract
This research investigates gender disparities in Indonesia's National Science Olympiad (OSN) Achievements. This research uses mix research, quantitative and qualitative. Data for quantitative analysis we get from secondary data, national achievement center website. Qualitative data we get from questionnaire with free response question, and distributed to students, teachers, and special teachers. For quantitative research we use Mann-Whitney U test whereas qualitative research we use content analysis. This research found that males are dominance to females in almost all subjects of National Science Olympiad Achievements significantly. Social stereotypes about boys using more logic and reasoning while females use more emotion, influence female self-perception and performance in understanding math and science. In terms of biology, it also shows that there are concerns of female participants when participating in OSN, they are in the menstrual period. They felt that when they were menstruating, not only did they feel abdominal pain, they also felt unstable emotions. This reduces the performance of female students when participating in the OSN Competition. The stereotype of females taking care of more household tasks or problems, causing less support from parents to female children than that given to male children. The lack of freedom gained by the female students reduces their study time for OSN preparation
References
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Ladewig, A., Koller, O., & Neumann, K. (2022). Persisting in Physics and the Physics Olympiad - Impact of Gender Identification and Sense of Belonging on Expectancy - Value Outcomes. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 38, 435–454.
Ladewig, A., Koller, O., & Neumann, K. (2023). Persisting in Physics and the Physics Olympiad-Impact of Gender Identification and Sense of Belonging on Expectancy-Value Outcomes. European Journal of Psychology of Education , 38, 435–454.
Liu, S., Seidlitz, J., Blumenthal, J. D., Clasen, L. S., & Raznahan, A. (2020). Integrative structural, functional, and transcriptomic analyses of sex-biased brain organization in humans. J NEUROSCIENCE Downloaded at Akademiska Sjukhuset. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919091117/-/DCSupplemental
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Steegh, A., Höffler, T., Höft, L., & Parchmann, I. (2021). First steps toward gender equity in the chemistry Olympiad: Understanding the role of implicit gender-science stereotypes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 58(1), 40–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21645
Stoilova, D., Cai, R., Aguilar-Gomez, S., Batzer, N. H., Nyanza, E. C., & Benshaul-Tolonen, A. (2022). Biological, material and socio-cultural constraints to effective menstrual hygiene management among secondary school students in Tanzania. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000110
Sumra, M. K. (2019). Masculinity, femininity, and leadership: Taking a closer look at the alpha female. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 14, Issue 4). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215181
Tahamtani, T., Kohpayezadeh, J., Hosseini, M., & Arabshahi, K. S. (2017). Correlation of study habits with academic achievement among students attending the national med-ical science olympiad. In Journal of Advances in Medical Education (JAMED) (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Tamba, R. M., & Chiang, C. L. (2021). Gender Disparity in North Sumatera Higher Education and Challenges of Young Indonesian Women in Science and STEM Education.
Trinh, Q.-V. (2020). The Impact of Parents’ Educational Level and Students’ Gender on Students’ Science Academic Achievement in Four Southeast Asian Countries. Journal of Basic Education Research, 1(3), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.37251/jber.v1i3.104
Wang, L., Nwabuoku, M., Zhang, J., & Osabohien, R. (2023). Gender disparity in access to education, under-5 mortality, and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 27(12), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i12.3
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Wood, D. (2020). A Gender-Focused Analyisis of STEM-Concept Among Science Olympiad Participants.
Ahmadi. (2023). Nyai Eva: Agen kestaraan Gender dan Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Kabupaten Sumenep. KAFA’AH Journal, 13(2), 75–85.
Ahmed, N., Urmi, T., & Tasmin, M. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for young female learners in STEM from the perspective of Bangladesh. Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment, and Learning for Engineering, TALE 2020, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1109/TALE48869.2020.9368378
Ariyanti, G., Rahajeng, R., Rahabistara, A., Biologi, P., Widya, U., & Madiun, M. (2019). Pembinaan Olimpiade Sains Melalui Pemberdayaan Klub Matematika dan IPA Bagi Siswa SMP di Kota Madiun. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 350–358. http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/abdimas
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Boudreau, K., Kaushik, N., De Sousa, M. C., Courtney, H., Dabas, M., Demortier, S., Donaldson, A., Echambadi, R., Geisler-Wagner, K., Keene, A., Khan, A., Khan, A., Kharbanda, A., Khor, D., Kirouchenaradjou, R., Mandakathil, S., Mcgrath, P., Marion, T., Meyer, M., … Wilhoit, K. (2020). The Gender Gap in Tech & Competitive Work Environments? Field Experimental Evidence from an Internet-of-Things Product Development Platform. http://www.nber.org/papers/w27154
Bowman, N. A., Logel, C., LaCosse, J., Jarratt, L., Canning, E. A., Emerson, K. T. U., & Murphy, M. C. (2022). Gender representation and academic achievement among STEM-interested students in college STEM courses. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 59(10), 1876–1900. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21778
Chan, R. C. H. (2022). A social cognitive perspective on gender disparities in self-efficacy, interest, and aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): the influence of cultural and gender norms. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00352-0
Chapple, A., & Ziebland, S. (2018). Challenging Explanations for the lack of Senior Women in Science: Reflections from Successful Women Scientists at an Elite British University. International Journal of Gender, 9(3). http://genderandset.open.ac.uk
Chatterjee, P., & Werner, R. M. (2021). Gender Disparity in Citations in High-Impact Journal Articles. JAMA Network Open, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14509
Chiang, F. K., Tang, Z., Zhu, D., & Bao, X. (2024). Gender disparity in STEM education: a survey research on girl participants in World Robot Olympiad. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 34(2), 629–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-023-09830-0
Cunningham, S. J., Hutchison, J., Ellis, N., Hezelyova, I., & Wood, L. A. (2023). The cost of social influence: Own-gender and gender-stereotype social learning biases in adolescents and adults. PLoS ONE, 18(8 August). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290122
Darkasih. (2022). Pembinaan Olimpiade Sains Nasional Bidang Geografi di SMA Negeri 1 Banda Aceh. Meuseuraya - Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 30–38. https://doi.org/10.47498/meuseuraya.v1i1.1050
Dasar, S., Muhammadiyah, S., & Bungo, M. (2019). Peningkatan Kompetensi Siswa Melalui Pembinaan Olimpiade Sains (OSN) 1 Tri Wiyoko, 2 Megawati, 3 Aprizan, 4 Nurlev Avana. Jurnal Warta Lembaga Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 22(2), 67–75. http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/warta
Ertl, B., Luttenberger, S., & Paechter, M. (2017). The impact of gender stereotypes on the self-concept of female students in STEM subjects with an under-representation of females. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00703
Falentino, C., Dinurrohmah, S., Fitriyah Sulaeman, N., & Nuryadin, A. (2024). Comparative Study of Achievement and Participation in the National Science Olympiad: A Case Study of Java and Non-Java Regions. http://jurnal.fkip.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JLPF
Global Education Monitoring Report Team. (2020). A new generation: 25 years of efforts for gender equality in education. UNESCO.
Goldman, B. (2017, May 22). Two minds: The cognitive differences between men and women. Stanford Medicine Magazine.
Hadi, A., Aryani, E., Konseling, D., Mercu, U., & Yogyakarta, B. (2023). Navigating Career Decisions: The Influence of Gender Perception among High School Students. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Terapan, 07(02), 125–131. http://ojs.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/bkt
Hoferichter, F., Kulakow, S., & Raufelder, D. (2022). How teacher and classmate support relate to students’ stress and academic achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992497
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2014). Educational Research Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches.
Katiyar, S. P. (2016). Gender Disparity in Literacy in India. Social Change, 46(1), 46–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085715618558
Kehinde-Awoyele, Adeowu, Adedoyin, A., & Wasiu, A. (2024). Exploring the Nexus: Social Challenges, Academic Performance, and Moral Development In Secondary Education. International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce, 05(01), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.37602/ijrehc.2024.5103
Kumar, C., & Pandey, V. (2021). Access to Education and Gender Equality. Springer, Cham.
Ladewig, A., Koller, O., & Neumann, K. (2022). Persisting in Physics and the Physics Olympiad - Impact of Gender Identification and Sense of Belonging on Expectancy - Value Outcomes. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 38, 435–454.
Ladewig, A., Koller, O., & Neumann, K. (2023). Persisting in Physics and the Physics Olympiad-Impact of Gender Identification and Sense of Belonging on Expectancy-Value Outcomes. European Journal of Psychology of Education , 38, 435–454.
Liu, S., Seidlitz, J., Blumenthal, J. D., Clasen, L. S., & Raznahan, A. (2020). Integrative structural, functional, and transcriptomic analyses of sex-biased brain organization in humans. J NEUROSCIENCE Downloaded at Akademiska Sjukhuset. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919091117/-/DCSupplemental
University of Cambridge. (2014, February 11). Males and females differ in specific brain structures. University of Cambridge.
Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Sriram, N., Lindner, N. M., Devos, T., Ayala, A., Bar-Anan, Y., Bergh, R., Cai, H., Gonsalkorale, K., Kesebir, S., Maliszewski, N., Lix Neto, F., Olli, E., Park, J., Schnabel, K., Shiomura, K., Tulbure, B. T., Wiers, R. W., … Greenwald, A. G. (2009). National differences in gender-science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement. PNAS, 106(26), 10593–10597. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/
Balai Pengembangan Talenta Indonesia. (2023). Pedoman Olimpiade Sains Nasional Jenjang SMA/MA.
Penner, A. M. (2008). Gender Differences in Extreme Mathematical Achievement: An International Perspective on Biological and Social Factors 1. In AJS (Vol. 114).
Pusat Prestasi Nasional. (2023). Hasil Olimpiade Sains Nasional. Pusat Prestasi Nasional.
Pusfarini, P. (2017). Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning dalam Mereduksi Disparitas Gender pada Capaian Pembelajaran Sains. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni, 6(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.24042/jpifalbiruni.v6i1.909
Putra. (2023). Gender roles in engineering design process activity: A small group exploration through collaborative argumentation. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 44, 251–256.
Rahmawaty, V., & Krismayani, I. (2023). Peran Perpustakaan Sekolah dalam Mendukung Kegiatan Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) di SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo. In Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan (Vol. 12, Issue 2). Oktober.
Sewasew, D., Mengsite, M., & Kassa, E. (2023). When Do Gender Differences in Academic Achievement Originate? Examining Preschoolers and Early School Children Longitudinally. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 13(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v13n1p67
Steegh, A., Höffler, T., Höft, L., & Parchmann, I. (2021). First steps toward gender equity in the chemistry Olympiad: Understanding the role of implicit gender-science stereotypes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 58(1), 40–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21645
Stoilova, D., Cai, R., Aguilar-Gomez, S., Batzer, N. H., Nyanza, E. C., & Benshaul-Tolonen, A. (2022). Biological, material and socio-cultural constraints to effective menstrual hygiene management among secondary school students in Tanzania. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000110
Sumra, M. K. (2019). Masculinity, femininity, and leadership: Taking a closer look at the alpha female. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 14, Issue 4). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215181
Tahamtani, T., Kohpayezadeh, J., Hosseini, M., & Arabshahi, K. S. (2017). Correlation of study habits with academic achievement among students attending the national med-ical science olympiad. In Journal of Advances in Medical Education (JAMED) (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Tamba, R. M., & Chiang, C. L. (2021). Gender Disparity in North Sumatera Higher Education and Challenges of Young Indonesian Women in Science and STEM Education.
Trinh, Q.-V. (2020). The Impact of Parents’ Educational Level and Students’ Gender on Students’ Science Academic Achievement in Four Southeast Asian Countries. Journal of Basic Education Research, 1(3), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.37251/jber.v1i3.104
Wang, L., Nwabuoku, M., Zhang, J., & Osabohien, R. (2023). Gender disparity in access to education, under-5 mortality, and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 27(12), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i12.3
Weimann-Sandig, N. (2020). Gender Stereotyping in Indonesia-Perceptions of High-School Students Towards Gender-Equal Career Development. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.13370090.v1
Wieselmann, J. R., Dare, E. A., Ring-Whalen, E. A., & Roehrig, G. H. (2020). “I just do what the boys tell me”: Exploring small group student interactions in an integrated STEM unit. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 57(1), 112–144. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21587
Wood, D. (2020). A Gender-Focused Analyisis of STEM-Concept Among Science Olympiad Participants.
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Published
2024-12-31
How to Cite
Falentino, C., Eryawan Presma Yulianrifat, Syayidah Dinurrohmah, Alphero Tanlianto, Nurul Fitriyah Sulaeman, & Atin Nuryadin. (2024). Beyond the Gap: Understanding Gender Disparities in Indonesia’s National Science Olympiad Achievements. Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 4(6), 956–967. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.daengku2934
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