A Comparative Study of Geometrical Patterns: Escher’s Tessalation and Passura Toraya Ornaments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.daengku4521Keywords:
Geometry, Passura Toraya, Escher, Tessalation, TorajaAbstract
This research aims to compare the geometric patterns in Passura Toraya and Escher’s Tessalation. The study examines Toraja ornaments created 5.000 years ago from a geometric perspective that is similar to the approach of well-known geometric artist, M. Escher. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method by collecting data from literature studies and visual observations of Passura Toraya, which are then analyzed using geometrical pattern and basic mathematic shapes. The results of the study show that (1) triangle, square, pentagon, flora, and fauna shapes represent geometric forms with similar tessellation techniques in both Passura Toraya and M.C. Escher's geometric patterns; (2) Passura Toraya has repeated patterns in opposite directions and four sides, as well as 4-fold designs, similar to M.C. Escher's tessellated geometric patterns with the same size as the empty field and 3-fold repetition levels; (3) contrasting colors are characteristic of Passura Toraya, similar to M.C. Escher's designs. Passura Toraya, which was made approximately thousands of years ago, shows the same approach as geometric artist, M. Escher. This demonstrates that Passura Toraya was made with a high level of knowledge, despite being made approximately 5.000 years ago.
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Wibowo, H. K., & Rosandini, M. (2023). Pengolahan Motif Menggunakan Teknik Rotation Escher dengan Inspirasi Ragam Hias Batik Garutan. Ars, 26(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.24821/ars.v26i1.5759
Wijayanti, L. (2011). IDENTITAS VISUAL RAGAM HIAS TORAJA PADA DESAIN INTERIOR CAFE TATOR.
Ahmed, N. (2020). Geometric structure in Escher’s artwork through inspiration and creativity. International Design Journal, 10(1), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.21608/idj.2020.81727
An, M. H., & Jang, A. R. (2023). Development of textile pattern design by M. C. Escher’s tessellation technique using chaekgeori icons. Fashion and Textiles, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-023-00336-w
Bimler, D., Kirkland, J., & Pichler, S. (2004). Escher in color space: Individual-differences multidimensional scaling of color dissimilarities collected with a gestalt formation task. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195550
Bozhko, T. (2019). TENDENCIES OF USAGE OF GEOMETRICAL ORNAMENTS IN GRAPHIC DESIGN PROJECTS OF UKRAINE IN THE XXI CT. 2(1).
Fatharani, C. Q., & Rosandini, M. (2021). Pengolahan Motif Menggunakan Teknik Escher Rotation dengan Inspirasi Tenun Sikka untuk Diaplikasikan pada Produk Fesyen.
Gómez-Chacon, I. M., & Moralejo, E. S. (2022). Isometries and tessellations of the Euclidean plane.
Hsu, Y.-C. (2020). Exploring the Learning Motivation and Effectiveness of Applying Virtual Reality to High School Mathematics. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 438–444. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080214
Huang, L., Tei, S., Wu, Y., & Shiizuka, H. (2020). System Advised Drawing of Tessellation based on Artful Thinking Process. International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering, ISASE2020(0), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5057/isase.2020-C000048
Husain, A., Nanda, M. N., Chowdary, M. S., & Sajid, M. (2022). Fractals: An Eclectic Survey, Part-I. Fractal and Fractional, 6(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6020089
?lde?, G. (2014). “An Analysis for the Works of Escher and their Use in Art Education.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 1196–1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.205
Kallosh, R., & Linde, A. (2015). Escher in the Sky. Comptes Rendus. Physique, 16(10), 914–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2015.07.004
Macgillavry, C. H. (n.d.). THE SYMMETRY OF M. C. ESCHER’S “IMPOSSIBLE” IMAGES.
Makawi, F. E. (2022). KONSEPTUAL FRAMEWORK DALAM KRITIK SENI: KOLEKTIF INTERPRETASI KARYA SENI RUPA KONTEMPORER. JURNAL IMAJINASI, 6(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.26858/i.v6i2.38461
Makawi, F. E. (2023). General intelligence versus multiple intelligence: Social and cognitive development in visual arts education. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 16(2), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v16i2.60791
Mandal, A. (2022). A review of Application and Reference of Fractal Geometry in Art. 13(02).
Menni, Y., Chamkha, A. J., & Azzi, A. (2018). Nanofluid Flow in Complex Geometries—A Review. Journal of Nanofluids, 8(5), 893–916. https://doi.org/10.1166/jon.2019.1663
Mohamed, M., & Bande, L. (2022). PARAMETRIC STUDY AND COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF ISLAMIC GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AS A RETROFIT STRATEGY IN MID-RISE BUILDINGS OF AL AIN CITY, ABU DHABI, UAE. 317–327. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP220271
Mukadas, A. B., Makawi, F. E., & Hasbi, H. (2024). Introducing the Lantang Lantang Pangang performance: One of the oldest puppet performance rituals in Indonesia. Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Penciptaan Seni, 19(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v19i1.5946
Purniati, T., Turmudi, T., Juandi, D., & Suhaedi, D. (2021). Ethnomathematics Exploration of The Masjid Raya Bandung Ornaments in Transformation Geometry Materials. Journal of Medives?: Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 5(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.31331/medivesveteran.v5i2.1639
Rehman, Z., Ahmad, F., Muhammad, H. A., Riaz, F., Ayub, H. M. U., Hasan, M., & Lee, M. (2022). RETRACTED: Study of thermal characteristics of energy efficient micro channel heat sinks in advanced geometry structures and configurations: A review. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 951066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.951066
Rodríguez-Sánchez, P., Van Nes, E. H., & Scheffer, M. (2020). Climbing Escher’s stairs: A way to approximate stability landscapes in multidimensional systems. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(4), e1007788. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007788
Salam, S., & Husain, M. S. (2017). Makna Simbolik Motif-Hias Ukir Toraja.
Salam, S., Tangsi, T., & Husain, Muh. S. (2022). Perempuan Pengukir Kayu Tradisional Toraja di Kete’kesu. JURNAL IMAJINASI, 6(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.26858/i.v6i1.32293
Schattschneider, D. (2010). The Mathematical Side of M. C. Escher. 57(6).
Suratno, J. (2018). Using Ornaments to Enhance Students’ Proving Skill in Geometry: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning, 194–199. https://doi.org/10.5220/0008899201940199
Toribio, J. (2020). Hierarchical microstructure evolution in cold drawn pearlitic steels: In the conceptual frame of Fray Luis de León, Miguel de Cervantes, Victor Vasarely, Maurits Cornelis Escher & Johann Sebastian Bach. Procedia Structural Integrity, 26, 348–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.06.044
Triandika, L. S. (2021). MAKNA STILASI CORAK MOTIF BATIK TANJUNGBUMI MADURA.
Wibowo, H. K., & Rosandini, M. (2023). Pengolahan Motif Menggunakan Teknik Rotation Escher dengan Inspirasi Ragam Hias Batik Garutan. Ars, 26(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.24821/ars.v26i1.5759
Wijayanti, L. (2011). IDENTITAS VISUAL RAGAM HIAS TORAJA PADA DESAIN INTERIOR CAFE TATOR.
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2025-12-31
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Mukadas, A. B. ., Makawi, F. E., Jamilah, Muhaemin, Izmi, S. A., & Hasbi. (2025). A Comparative Study of Geometrical Patterns: Escher’s Tessalation and Passura Toraya Ornaments. Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 5(6), 861–869. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.daengku4521
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Copyright (c) 2025 Faizal Erlangga Makawi, Andi Baetal Mukadas, Jamilah, Muhaemin, siti asmaulul Izmi, Hasbi
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